

Lower back pain is one of the most common conditions and one of the leading causes of physician visits in the US. In fact, at least four out of five adults will experience lower back pain at some point in their lives.
Ironically, the severity of the pain is often unrelated to the extent of physical damage. Muscle spasm from a simple back strain can cause excruciating back pain that can make it difficult to walk or even stand, whereas a large herniated disc or completely degenerated disc can be completely painless.
The causes of back pain can be very complex, and there are many structures in the lower back that can cause pain. The following parts of spinal anatomy can cause pain:
- The large nerve roots that go to the legs and arms may be irritated
- The smaller nerves that innervate the spine may be irritated
- The large paired back muscles (erector spinae) may be strained
- The bones, ligaments or joints may be injured
- The intervertebral disc may be injured
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